• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    METHOD TO CONTROL A FUSION PROCESS IN AN ARC OVEN AND SIGNAL PROCESSING DEVICE, PROGRAM CODE AND DATA MEDIA TO PERFORM THIS METHOD. The invention relates to a method for controlling a melting process in an arc furnace (11) and a signal processing component (21), program code, and data medium for carrying out this method. According to the method, sound signals or vibrations from inside the oven container (12) are captured using solid generated sound sensors (22), from which characteristic values can be derived for the distribution of melting, melting material and slag when loading the oven. A characteristic value SM for thermal irradiation colliding on the oven wall of the container, a characteristic value M for the granularity of the melting material of the volume of the furnace loading, and a characteristic value MM for changing the portion of solid melting material counting the oven wall are generated following priorities. According to the invention, the energy distribution in the electrodes (13) is exchanged through a control system (21) analyzing the characteristic values in the sequence of priorities, such as (...).
    公开号:BR112012007572B1
    申请号:R112012007572-1
    申请日:2010-09-14
    公开日:2021-01-12
    发明作者:Björn Dittmer；Arno Döbbeler；Klaus Krüger；Sascha Leadbetter；Thomas Matschullat；Detlef Rieger
    申请人:Primetals Technologies Germany Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [0001] The present invention relates to a method for controlling a melting process in an arc furnace having at least two electrodes, in which at least one type of the following characteristic values for the melting, melting and slag charge distribution in the loading of the oven it is produced by air audible signals of evaluation and / or generated in the structure propagating through the interior of an oven container. The first type of characteristic values represents the shielding of thermal radiation striking the oven wall of the oven container. The second type of characteristic values represents the granularity and melting state (in which, below, only granularity will be mentioned for brevity) of the melting stock in the furnace loading volume, particularly in the region below the electrodes. The third type of characteristic values represents the change in the melting stock component located on the furnace wall.
    [0002] [0002] In addition, the invention also relates to a signal processing device for an arc furnace, having a machine-readable program code, for that machine-readable program code and for a data medium having that code machine readable program, which are suitable for controlling processes in an arc furnace.
    [0003] [0003] The use of audible signals (that is, the audible signals generated in the structure by at least one electrical arc, which are propagated through the fusion stock, or aerial audible signals which are propagated through the volume of air between the stock fusion) to generate several characteristic values is already known. In this case, the sound vibrations are recorded, which can be evaluated by taking into account the current and voltage profiles of the electric arcs of the arc furnace. The sound signals are inherently created inside the furnace charge, as long as the electric arc furnace arcs are a sound source.
    [0004] [0004] According to DE 10 2008 006 965 A1, it is known, for example, that in order to determine a so-called irradiation measure (also abbreviated as SM below), the sound vibrations generated in the structure on the oven wall are recorded and an associated vibration rating signal can be determined from a frequency range of the recorded vibrations. From the registered electrode current, an associated current evaluation signal can be determined in the same frequency range, which is interpreted as a cause of the generation of vibrations. The irradiation measure is then given in principle as the ratio of the vibration rating signal and the current rating signal.
    [0005] [0005] According to DE 10 2008 006 966 A1, it is also known that a so-called granularity measurement (also abbreviated to M below) can be determined by recording the electrode current supplied, determining a rms value measurement. from the registered electrode current and, furthermore, determining an associated current component from the registered electrode current in a particular frequency range of the registered electrode current. The granularity measure is then given as the ratio of the current component and the measure of the rms value.
    [0006] [0006] Furthermore, it is known from DE 10 2008 006 958 A1 that a so-called mass change measure of a melting charge component located at the edge of the arc furnace (also abbreviated to MM below) be determined by recording the electrode current supplied, from which a current rating signal is obtained in a particular frequency range. The sound vibrations generated in the structure are, in addition, recorded and a vibration evaluation signal is determined in the particular frequency range. Finally, the phase shift between the current rating signal and the vibration rating signal is determined for a multiplicity of common frequencies. From these phase shifts that are determined, a measure of the change in mass of the melting stock located at the limit of the furnace wall can be derived.
    [0007] [0007] With the characteristic values mentioned above, a refined method to control the melting process in the arc furnace can be performed. In order to illustrate this, the melting process that takes place in arc furnaces will be explained in more detail below. An arc furnace is used to produce liquid metal, usually steel. The liquid metal is produced from solid melting charge, for example, scrap and / or reduced iron (called sponge iron or DRI / HBI) or otherwise with liquid and / or solid pig iron, along with other additives. To this end, the energy to melt the melt stock is preferably introduced into the arc furnace by means of three electrodes, generally in the form of an electric arc between an electrode and a melt stock. In order for the fusion to take place as efficiently as possible, as much as possible all the energy provided by the electric arc must be introduced into the fusion stock. The melt stock, in this case, is intended to mean the solid to be melted, and the melt is intended to mean metal and / or liquid slag. The melting stock and the molten material together make up the furnace load.
    [0008] [0008] Due to the predetermined operating procedure in conventional arc furnaces, however, the electric arc can burn free during the melting processes. This means that the thermal radiation emitted by the electric arc formed between the electrode and the melting stock to a great extent reaches a limit of the arc furnace, in particular a cooled wall of the arc furnace. This increases the energy consumption of the furnace, on the one hand because the energy from the arc furnace is introduced into the melting stock only to a relatively small extent, and on the other hand, more energy is dissipated through the furnace cooling system.
    [0009] [0009] In this context, the idea arises to use the MM measure of exchange in the melting stock, located on the furnace wall, the granularity measure M, the SM irradiation measure or characteristic values similarly appropriate for the distribution of the melting stock , melting and slag in the kiln loading, in order to control the arc furnace operation procedure and regulate the electric arc energy. The granularity measure M can be used to adjust the electrode current setpoint value for the electrodes. If, for example, there is comparatively light scrap below an electrode, that is, a high proportion of air volume in the scrap, then the radiating force can be scaled down in order to prevent the aforementioned free burning of the electric arc due to excessively rapid melting of light scrap. If an excessively high measure of M radiation is identified on the oven walls, then the radiating force of the electric arc can be scaled down to prevent excessive thermal loading of the oven walls and a high loss of energy. If, when determining the SM shielding measure, it is verified that a part of the furnace wall is not shielded by the melting stock, the radiating force can be scaled down in order to prevent free burning of the electric arc within this section of free wall. In this context, the aforementioned signals can be used not only to reduce energy, but also, in the reverse interpretation, to increase energy. However, since the measures indicated above influence each other, in the case of manual intervention in the arc furnace execution program, it is difficult to estimate how much to intervene in the process.
    [0010] [00010] It is an objective of the present invention to improve a method of the type mentioned in the introduction so that the regulation of the electric arc energy becomes possible with the least possible energy consumption and the minimum possible wear on the furnace components. In addition, it is an object of the invention to provide a signal processing device that causes the method to be performed, and a data medium and a program code for this.
    [0011] [00011] This objective is obtained according to the invention in which the local characteristic values are generated for the thermal region of influence of each electric arc. It is advantageous for the sensors employed to be arranged in the oven so that the sensors are in front of the electrodes (electric arc). The advantage of this line of action is that a more accurate picture of the development of the melting process in the arc furnace can be produced, as long as it proceeds differently on each electrode because of the often inhomogeneous scrap charges. Furthermore, according to the invention, the existing or imminent local thermal load peaks in the regions of influence of the electric arcs are reduced from the local characteristic values, even if they have not yet led to a measurable thermal load on the panel at this time. This can be done in the manner described above. For example, free burning of a particular arc is likely when, for example, the wall section of the furnace wall is exposed by the scrap that is closest to this melting arc. According to the invention, this can be determined locally in this wall region by assessing the characteristic value of the SM shield. In this way, it is advantageously possible to detect an event that will not generate a peak thermal load in the region of influence of the relevant electrode much earlier, due to this free burning of the electric arc towards the exposed wall, even in the future. Since the current peak thermal load is still pending, its occurrence can very advantageously be prevented.
    [0012] [00012] According to the invention, furthermore, as a priority, the energy distribution between the electrodes is first modified as a function of the characteristic values generated while required so that the thermal load peaks are attenuated or their occurrence is prevented . In order to illustrate this with reference to the above-mentioned example of melting scrap away in a sub-region of the furnace wall, the following operating regime can be described. That electrical arc that is closest to the relevant wall element, that is, that electrical arc that can be prevented from free burning, must be scaled down, while this requirement does not apply to other electrical arcs. This can be achieved, according to the invention, by the setpoint value for the phase impedance of the relevant arc being adapted so that the radiating force released from the surroundings by the relevant arc decreases and that of the other two arcs increases a little bit. In this case, a controlled variable responding very quickly is advantageously available, the total thermal energy developed in the arc furnace does not initially have to be reduced. Advantageously, therefore, this control regime is particularly effective.
    [0013] [00013] According to the invention, moreover, secondarily the thermal energy of the electric arcs is reduced as a function of the characteristic values generated by reducing the secondary voltage of an oven transformer supplying the electric arcs and / or increasing the reactance of a reactance connected in series with electrical arcs, as required. This measure is implemented when the effect obtained by changing the priority in the energy distribution is not sufficient, or it is expected that this effect will not be sufficient, in order to reduce or prevent thermal load peaks.
    [0014] [00014] The voltage that supplies the electrical arcs is regulated by varying the output voltage of the furnace transformer, for example, by means of leakage exchangers in the load. This is done mechanically by turning on or off the primary or secondary winding of the furnace transformer (also referred to as a transformer stage). A certain electrical and mechanical tension and therefore wear is inevitable in this case, which is why this measure can be advantageously performed only when the measures described above are not sufficient in themselves. This has the advantageous result that the leakage exchangers on the load are switched less frequently, with positive effects on the maintenance expense for the furnace transformer. In addition, the adjustment of the transformer stage in response to the generated characteristic values is significantly less than the advantageous regulation of the phase impedances.
    [0015] [00015] The characteristic values MM and M can be used in a similar way as described above by way of example with reference to the characteristic value SM. The characteristic value M can, for example, be used to determine the granularity of the melt stock below the individual electrodes. In this case, it is possible to detect prematurely if the melting progress below an electrode will occur more quickly because, for example, there is a comparatively high scrap with a high proportion of air volume below this electrode. If, for example, there is a component of solid heavy scrap below another electrode, then the electrical arc of this electrode will take much longer to melt the part of the fusion stock located there. The electrode below which is a solid charge cannot advance further into the lower region of the furnace vessel, and the corresponding electric arc will therefore emit a disproportionately strong radiation to the limit of the arc furnace. By influencing the impedance or setpoint values, the irradiation of the relevant electrical arc can be reduced. Thus, if an uneven distribution of granularity below the electrode is identified, then this can be adjusted with respect to the electric arc energy developed by adapting the phase impedances of the phases formed by the electrical arcs so that the melting progress is approximately the same below all electrodes. This means that the electrodes below which there is light scrap are fixed with a higher phase impedance than the electrodes below which there is a heavy scrap.
    [0016] [00016] The characteristic values MM is a measure of the change in the mass bearing on the wall of the oven. If, for example, a strong mass exchange is detected in a region of the kiln wall, this indicates a possibly imminent scrap collapse. This value is therefore preferably used to predictably increase the electrode possibly affected by the increase in phase impedances. The weighing of this outlet can become low or higher according to experience. Optionally, a direct raise command is also predictably applied to the support arm hydraulics, according to the reliability of the forecast.
    [0017] [00017] According to an advantageous configuration of the invention, the characteristic values SM for the irradiation measure, the characteristic values M for the granularity and the characteristic values MM for the change in the melting load component in the furnace wall are respectively correlated with a characteristic value E for the energy introduced per unit mass of the fusion stock (specific energy) of the last charge since this last charge of the fusion stock was added. In this document, it should be noted that the melting stock in the ongoing process is added to the loads since the melting of the melting stock (scrap) requires a considerable volume change. The volume released at the top of the oven container is then loaded, respectively, with new charges of melting charge. After each addition of a load, the energy introduced into the kiln is determined by the measurements and recalculated in terms of the load's mass, so that an indicator is obtained with reference to how high the proportion of the load already melted in the kiln load. The correlation of this characteristic value E with the other characteristic values makes it advantageously possible to interpret the level of the other characteristic values in the context of the melting progress in the arc furnace and to implement the correct measures as a function of them. In the vessel of an early melting process, for example, scrap collapses are much more likely and the thermal load in the melting furnace is already higher.
    [0018] [00018] According to another configuration of the method according to the invention, the local characteristic values T for the increase of the absolute temperature or generally for the thermal load on the oven wall and / or the local characteristic values for the gradient of this increase of Temperature or thermal load (characteristic value G) are additionally generated for the thermal region of influence of each electrode, and these characteristic values are correlated with the characteristic values locally associated SM for the measurement of irradiation in the oven wall. In this context, the idea that the measure of irradiation in the oven walls per se does not yet allow sufficient conclusions about the processes that occur critically is providential. If the furnace is full of scrap, irradiation in the full electric arc is also desirable since the walls of the furnace are initially protected by the scrap. The fusion process, however, occurs more quickly. At the end of the melting process, when the temperature in the kiln wall is already high, an increase in the irradiation measure on the kiln walls must now be assessed as more critical. In addition, in the case of a large thermal load gradient, it is likely that a critical measurement of the thermal load will be achieved more quickly and more drastic measures will therefore need to be implemented in order to prevent this. According to an alternative of the invention, the use of the characteristic values T and / or G can also replace the characteristic value E, so that in this case the latter is not correlated with the characteristic value SM. Depending on the nature of the cooling of the wall elements, the cooling rates of the mass flow also need to be taken into account, since in certain cases it is only in this way that definitions can be made regarding the thermal load on the oven wall.
    [0019] [00019] In addition, it is also advantageous for the thermal energy inside the oven vessel to be further increased by chemical reactions using a firing and / or a lance, the thermal energy of the chemical reaction being reduced, as a function of the characteristic values M , MM, SM, E, T and G generated, reducing the fuel supply to the burner and / or oxygen to the lance as needed. Fuels are first burned in the burner, so that chemical energy is supplied to the melting process. In order to accelerate the combustion of the burner or other oxidation processes in the melting stock or in the melting, oxygen can additionally be blown into the furnace loading by means of so-called lances or coherent burners.
    [0020] [00020] Since both the use of burners and the use of lances at the end leads to additional heating of the furnace loading, it is particularly advantageous to include these processes also in the concept of regulation. For this purpose, the characteristic values mentioned above can be used and evaluated appropriately. The regulation of the processes in burners and lances can occur directly in parallel with the priority regulation of the phase impedances and / or secondarily with the regulation of the auxiliary and / or secondary reactance voltage of the transformer. Advantageously, the melting process can be controlled even better by including burners and lances in the regulation concept.
    [0021] [00021] According to a particular configuration of the invention, the characteristic values SM for thermal radiation colliding with the furnace wall and / or the characteristic values MM as a measure of the change in the melting stock component in the furnace wall are used to regulate burners and lances. These characteristic values are correlated with the characteristic value E for the thermal energy introduced per unit mass of the fusion stock of the last charge since the last fusion stock charge was added. The way in which this combination of characteristic values can be evaluated with respect to the thermal load of the arc furnace has already been explained.
    [0022] [00022] According to another configuration of the invention, the characteristic values T for the temperature increase in the oven wall and / or the local characteristic values G for the gradient of this temperature increase can be used to regulate burners and / or lances, in addition to the characteristic values already mentioned, these characteristic values being correlated with the locally associated SM and MM characteristic values.
    [0023] [00023] The objective is furthermore achieved by a signal processing device for an arc furnace having a machine-readable program code, by that machine-readable program code and by a data medium for that code. machine-readable program, comprising the control instructions that cause the signal processing device to perform a method in the manner described above. Hereby, the method described above can advantageously be carried out automatically.
    [0024] [00024] Further details of the invention are described below with the aid of the drawing. The single figure shows the schematic three-dimensional view of an arc furnace and a block diagram of a control system connected to it, which is suitable for carrying out an exemplary method of the method according to the invention.
    [0025] [00025] An arc furnace 11 comprises an oven container 12 which is loaded with melting stock (scrap) in an unrepresented mode. Preferably, three electrodes 13 project into the oven container, which can be raised and lowered horizontally along its longitudinal axis by means of actuators 14 (hydraulic or servo motors). The electrodes 13 are supplied with three-phase current through an oven transformer 15, and each electrode 13 can, in addition, be assigned an auxiliary reactance 16 by which the loss of electrical energy can be deliberately generated. In addition, a burner 17 is also schematically represented, by which chemical energy can be introduced into the oven container 12 by burning a fuel. A lance likewise projects into the oven container 12 and gases can be blown into the oven container and, therefore, into the furnace loading by means of a pump 19.
    [0026] [00026] In order for the melting stock 20 in the form of scrap metal to be melted in the arc furnace 11, an electric arc collides over the electrodes 13 so that thermal energy is created inside the furnace container.
    [0027] [00027] In this case, as already mentioned, the lance 18 and the burner 17 can additionally be used in order to obtain chemical energy in the oven container. During the fusion process, an automatic regulation process is carried out, which will be explained in more detail below with the help of the block diagram shown in the figure. The regulation concept according to the invention makes use of many input variables, the generation of which is known per se. The regulation concept according to the invention is highlighted by means of a line with dots and dashes 21 in the figure. The input variables that are used in the regulation concept are, in detail, a characteristic value SM, which gives the measure of thermal radiation colliding with the oven wall of the oven container 12, a characteristic value M as a measure of the granularity of the stock of melting 20 in the volume of the furnace loading, specifically in the region of the electrodes 13, a characteristic value MM as a measure of change in the proportion of the bearing of the melting stock 20 in the furnace wall, a characteristic value E for the specific energy introduced by mass melt stock unit since the last melt stock charge was added, a characteristic T value for the temperature rise, or generally for the thermal load on the furnace wall, and a characteristic G value for the gradient of this thermal load ( for example, the temperature rise). These input variables are represented in the corresponding circles in the figure, these circles at the same time representing units that generate the required input variables from the measured values (further down in this document). In general, it should be noted that the signal lines through which only one signal is conducted are represented by narrow lines, and the signal lines through which a plurality of signals are conducted are represented by wide lines. The wide lines can thus optionally be configured as a package of a plurality of lines, which are represented simply by the wide line for reasons of clarity. However, it is also possible to produce these signal lines using, for example, a data bus. The signals conducted on the wide signal lines are groups of signals that are due to the structure of the arc furnace 11 with three electrodes and, respectively, three other devices to be assigned to the electrodes, such as auxiliary reactances 16, actuators 14 and sensors 22, 23. Because the electrodes 13 are activated individually, the measurement or control signals, respectively, running in parallel on these lines are necessary.
    [0028] [00028] In detail, the variables are generated as follows. For the measurement of SM radiation, three sound sensors generated in the structure 22 are preferably fitted on the walls of the oven so that each of the sensors 22 locally measures the sound signals propagating inside the oven container 12 in the region of influence of one of the three electrodes 13. The signals are combined into a configuration component 24 and are used, applying the evaluation principle described above with the help of the electrode current profile as a function of time, to generate the SM irradiation measurement, the granularity measure M and the measure MM of the change in the solid material bearing on the kiln wall by means of an evaluation unit 25. In addition, the temperature in the cooling elements or a comparable measure to describe the thermal load in the container oven 12 is measured by means of sensors 23 in the regions of influence of the electrodes. The sensors 23 release their signals to the release device 26, the signals to generate the temperature difference T (preferably as a difference in the inlet temperature of the cooling system, and optionally as a temperature difference from an average value formed from these values) and the temperature gradient G being evaluated. The specific energy E introduced by charge is, in addition, calculated, so that the electrical energy of the furnace transformer, through the evaluation unit 25, and the thermal energy based on the quantitative oxygen productivity in the boom 18 and the quantitative productivity of burner 17 are used. The data in a memory 27 are also interrogated, which store the mass of the charges respectively introduced and the time that these charges were introduced in the oven container 12 and the oven temperatures existing at this time, to calculate the temperature difference T .
    [0029] [00029] The regulation system according to the exemplary modality of the signal processing device as shown is operated with five different controllers I to V and four calculation modules VI to IX. The controllers are preferably incorporated as fuzzy controllers. The calculation modules have five outputs, through which the arc furnace and its components are controlled (further down in this document). The diffuse controller I is used to classify the thermal state of the oven. This controller, therefore, emits a value of how critical the thermal state of the furnace is currently. This value is calculated locally for all three regions of thermal influence of the electric arcs (also called hot spots). For each electrode, the temperature profile of the wall elements that connect the regions of influence of the electric arcs 13 is monitored. Critical states are determined when either the thermal load T of the relevant wall elements by themselves is already too high or a rapid increase G in the thermal load is identifiable. In the case of a low thermal load on the wall elements, on the other hand, the state is classified as non-critical. For this purpose, a graduated measure can also be used.
    [0030] [00030] The information from the diffuse controller I is used as an input variable for the diffuse controller II (as well as the diffuse controller V), which quantifies the shielding of the furnace walls by the melting stock and in the other course of the method also by foam scum. The SM irradiation measure for the thermal zones of influence of the electrodes and the specific energy introduced per basket are used as other input variables. The diffuse controller II calculates the output variables from them; these are, respectively, proposed corrections for the transformer stage, as specified by the operating program, which are fed into the calculation module VI, the proposed corrections for the auxiliary reactance that are fed into the calculation module VIII, and the correction values for phase impedances of electrical arcs 13, which are fed into calculation module VII. The latter correct the reference value, specified according to the operating program, for the phase impedances in the electrical arcs, in order to cause the redistribution of the energy evolution and the radiating force in the electrical arcs, in order to attenuate the states critical in at least one thermal region of influence of the associated electrical arc.
    [0031] [00031] The diffuse controller III takes into account the state of the fusion stock, particularly its exchange directly below the electrodes (exchange means primarily the movement of the scrap and the presence of the so-called cold scrap, which sometimes occurs stochastically in the control of the process merger process). The granularity measure M and the specific energy E introduced by load are used as input variables. This, therefore, involves a total of four input variables. From these, the controller calculates the proposed changes for the phase impedances that have an effect on the activation of the electrodes 13 in the manner described above. If, for example, a significant exchange in the melting stock below one of the electrodes is identified (for example, by cold scrap flowing back), then a proposed value is issued that the setpoint value for the phase impedance of this electrode must be reduced. In this way, by means of the actuator 14, the relevant electrode 13 is lowered further into the furnace, so that the extension of the electric arc is reduced and the energy input in the scrap is increased compared to the energy input through the other two electrodes 13 .
    [0032] [00032] The diffuse controller IV evaluates the exchange in the mass of the melting stock on the furnace wall, specifically in the regions of thermal influence of the electrodes 13. The measurement of the exchange mass MM and the specific energy E introduced by charge are used as input variables, that is, four input signals. As output variables, the controller calculates the proposed changes for the setpoint values of the phase impedances in the mode already described. If a significant mass change is detected in a region of the kiln wall, for example, then this indicates a collapse of scrap that is possibly imminent or occurs with the exposure of the wall section. As a precaution, the controller releases as an output signal that the relevant electrode is raised, the phase impedance of this electrode being increased by the electric arc becoming longer.
    [0033] [00033] The diffuse controller V influences burner 17 and lance 18 and therefore controls and inputs of chemical energy. The MM measure of the change in the solid component on the wall and the SM irradiation measure are used as input variables, that is, six input variables. In addition, the four other input variables of the specific energy E introduced since the last load and the output variables of the diffuse controller I, that is, four other input variables, are fed into the diffuse controller V. From these, the controller Diffuse calculates the proposed changes for the entry of chemical energy, that is, the changes proposed for the setpoint values of burner 17 and boom 18 as output variables.
    [0034] [00034] All output variables from diffuse controllers II to V are combined and processed in calculation modules VI to IX. For the regulation of the output variables in calculation modules VI, VIII and IV, threshold values for intervention in the active controller are taken into account, as well as the associated hysteresis, the result of which is the regulation oscillations of the regulation system and regulation of the process taking place in the melting furnace occurs as a priority for redistributing the energy in the electrodes 13 by increasing or decreasing the required phase impedances. This involves the controlled variable that can be used more simply without mechanical wear or loss of energy. Only when the regulation actions are not sufficient to normalize the processes in the arc furnace 11, and, therefore, the input variables of the regulation system, are the threshold values of these calculation modules VI, VIII and IX exceeded and the actions of more drastic regulation thus initiated by regulation system 21. The interaction of the various diffuse controllers and the calculation modules must be individually adapted for each arc furnace 11, and after the adjustment leads to the optimized dynamic reaction of the energy input for exchange in the melting state of the melting stock.
    [0035] [00035] The operating procedure for modules VI to IX will be described in more detail below. Module VI converts the continuous gross values for the transformer stage change into a discrete value. With the help of hysteresis, the leak changer in the charge of the furnace transformer is prevented from having to be switched very often. If, for example, only one of the wall regions is weakly shielded and the rest of the wall regions are well shielded, the diffuse controller II issues the proposed exchanges for a symmetric energy distribution, which is implemented as a priority in module VII. This means that the strongly thermally charged wall region is relieved by changing the phase impedance of the relevant electrode 13.
    [0036] [00036] Calculation module VI has only one output that acts on the leak changer of the furnace transformer 15 and by which the output voltage of the latter can vary.
    [0037] [00037] In calculation module VII, an analytical model of load distribution is used. In this way, the irradiation energy can be distributed in good time, from the weakly shielded wall parts of the relevant electrodes, to other electrodes. In this case, the signals from the diffuse controllers II, III and IV are combined and an appropriate redistribution of the setpoint values for the phase impedance of the individual electrodes is calculated from them. To this end, the influence of diffuse controllers II, III and IV can be taken into account in a weighted aspect depending on the condition of the arc furnace 11 and the effect resulting from the change in the determined measures. A particularly simple possibility is to average all the signal outputs of the diffuse controllers II, III and IV, in which case the average signals, respectively, of each electrode are naturally evaluated individually. The output signals from the calculation module VIII act on a control system 28, which is provided for the actuators 14, and can actuate them individually.
    [0038] [00038] Using calculation module VIII, auxiliary reactances 16 can be activated if necessary (secondary regulation). For this purpose, a control system 29 is activated by the calculation module VIII, the control system 29 activating the auxiliary reactances 16, one of which is provided by the electrode 13. In this way, the energy of the electric arcs 13 can be reduced directly by the electrical energy that is spent in the form of reactive force in the auxiliary reactance 16.
    [0039] [00039] Finally, the calculated module IX contains a program by means of which the lance 18 and the burner 17 can be activated (naturally, it is also possible for a plurality of burners or lances to be activated locally). As a function of the emission of the value by the diffuse controller V, the chemical thermal energy introduced can therefore be scaled down or increased. Other influencing variables that are not presented in detail and are based on the chemical requirements in the arc furnace can also play a part in this.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    Method for controlling a melting process in an arc furnace having at least two electrodes (13), in which at least one type of characteristic values for the distribution of the melting, melting and slag stock in the furnace loading is produced by evaluating the signals noise propagating through the interior of an oven container (12), in particular: characteristic values (SM) as a measure of thermal radiation colliding with the oven wall of the oven container (12) and / or characteristic values (M) as a measure of the granularity of the melting stock (20) in the loading volume of the furnace, particularly in the region below the electrodes (13) and / or characteristic values (MM) as a measure of change in the melting stock component located on the furnace wall, characterized by the fact that, the local characteristic values are generated for the thermal region of influence of each electric arc of the relevant electrode (13), peaks of local thermal load existing or imminent in the regions of influence of electric arcs are deducted from the local characteristic values, as a priority, the energy distribution between the electrical arcs is modified as a function of the characteristic values generated while required so that the thermal load peaks are attenuated or their occurrence is prevented, secondly, the thermal energy of the electric arcs is reduced as a function of the characteristic values generated by reducing the secondary voltage of an oven transformer (15) supplying the electrodes (13) and / or modifying the reactance of an auxiliary reactance (16) connected in series with the electrodes (13), while required when the effect obtained by changing the priority in the energy distribution is not sufficient, or it is foreseeable that this effect will not be sufficient, in order to reduce or prevent thermal load peaks.
    [0002]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the characteristic values (SM) for thermal irradiation colliding with the kiln wall are generated, and these are correlated with a characteristic value (E) for the specific energy introduced by mass unit of the fusion stock or the last charge since the last charge of the fusion stock was added.
    [0003]
    Method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the local characteristic values (T) for the thermal load on the furnace wall and / or the local characteristic values (G) for the thermal load gradient are additionally generated for the thermal region of influence of each electric arc, and these characteristic values (T, G) are correlated with the characteristic values (SM) associated locally for thermal irradiation colliding with the kiln wall.
    [0004]
    Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the characteristic values (SM) for thermal radiation colliding with the oven wall are generated and the local characteristic values (T) for the thermal load of the oven wall and / or the local characteristic values (G) for the gradient of an exchange in this thermal load are additionally generated for the thermal region of influence of each electric arc, these characteristic values (T, G) being correlated with the characteristic values (SM) associated locally for thermal radiation colliding with the oven wall.
    [0005]
    Method according to any one of claims 2 and 4, characterized by the fact that the characteristic values (T) generated for the thermal load on the furnace wall and / or the characteristic values (G) for the gradient of an exchange on this load thermal, the thermal energy of the electric arcs is reduced by activating an oven transformer and / or an auxiliary reactance until these characteristic values are above a critical value for the oven wall.
    [0006]
    Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the characteristic values (M) for the granularity of the melting stock (20) in the volume of the furnace loading, particularly in the region below the electrodes (13), are generated, and these are correlated with a characteristic value (E) for the specific energy introduced per unit mass of the fusion stock of the last charge since the last charge of the fusion stock was added.
    [0007]
    Method, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the characteristic values (MM) as a measure of the change in the melting stock component in the furnace wall are generated and these are correlated with a characteristic value ( E) for the specific energy introduced per unit mass of the fusion stock of the last charge since the last charge of the fusion stock was added.
    [0008]
    Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the thermal energy inside the oven container (12) is additionally increased by chemical reactions using a burner (17) and / or a lance (18), the thermal energy of chemical reactions being reduced, as a function of the characteristic values generated, reducing the supply of fuel to the burner (17) and / or oxygen to the lance (18) as needed.
    [0009]
    Method according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the characteristic values (SM) for thermal irradiation colliding with the furnace wall and / or the characteristic values (MM) as a measure of the change in the housing component bearing - that melting in the furnace wall are generated, and these are correlated with a characteristic value (E) for the specific energy introduced per unit mass of the melting stock of the last charge since the last melting stock charge was added.
    [0010]
    Method according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the local characteristic values (T) for the thermal load on the furnace wall and / or the local characteristic values (G) for the gradient of this thermal load are additionally generated for the thermal region of influence of each electric arc, and these characteristic values (T, G) are correlated with the characteristic values (SM, MM) associated locally.
    [0011]
    Signal processing device for an arc furnace, characterized by the fact that it features a machine-readable program code that comprises control instructions that cause the signal processing device to perform the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BR112012007572B1|2021-01-12|method for controlling a melting process in an arc furnace and bell processing device
    US8412474B2|2013-04-02|Method for determining a radiation measurement for thermal radiation, arc furnace, a signal processing device programme code and storage medium for carrying out said method
    BRPI0613414A2|2011-01-11|method for determining at least one variable state of an electric arc furnace, and electric arc furnace
    ES2297404T3|2008-05-01|SYSTEM AND PROCEDURE FOR THE SELF-ADAPTIVE ONLINE CONTROL OF A BUMPER MACHINE FOR CONTACT OR SPARK.
    ES2606237T3|2017-03-23|Procedure and control system to control a fusion process
    BRPI0613762A2|2011-02-01|method of determining the state of contents of an arc furnace and apparatus for its realization
    US20140112365A1|2014-04-24|Method for operating alternating-current electric arc furnace, device for performing method, and alternating-current electric arc furnace having such device
    CA2237706A1|1998-11-14|Regulation and guidance system for a plasma gun_
    BR112012026108B1|2021-02-23|METHOD FOR DETERMINING A LOAD TIME TO LOAD AN ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE WITH MATERIAL TO BE FUSED, SIGNAL DEPROCESSING DEVICE FOR AN ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE AND ARC ELECTRIC FURNACE
    MX2012009732A|2012-10-01|Method for operating an arc furnace, control and/or regulating device for an arc furnace, and arc furnace.
    JP2006097112A|2006-04-13|Method for deciding dry state of refractory, dry state supervising unit, and method for controlling refractory arrangement work
    KR20130035084A|2013-04-08|Electric furnace capable of measuring temparature for refractories
    JP2020535380A|2020-12-03|Equipment and methods for melting metallic materials
    KR100635473B1|2006-10-18|Device and method of cooling a electric furnace for energy saving
    KR101796151B1|2017-11-10|Spent unclear fuel cooling apparatus and control method for the same
    JP2019143209A|2019-08-29|Operation method of metal refining furnace
    JP4981830B2|2012-07-25|Axial output distribution prediction method and axial output distribution prediction apparatus
    JP4249086B2|2009-04-02|Heating means output control method for melting furnace
    JP2021148337A|2021-09-27|Operation support device for electric furnace, electric furnace, operation support method for electric furnace and steel making method by electric furnace
    JP2010139203A|2010-06-24|Furnace interior state determination device for arc furnace
    JPH08185972A|1996-07-16|Plasma heating method of fused metal and device therefor
    CN210826292U|2020-06-23|Heating furnace test device
    KR102190504B1|2020-12-11|Apparatus for controlling skirt height in converter and method thereof
    KR102327830B1|2021-11-17|Damper Opening Ratio Control System Predictable Temperature of Waste Gas
    WO2021176995A1|2021-09-10|Three-phase alternating current arc furnace and control method
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US9370053B2|2016-06-14|
    RU2507724C2|2014-02-20|
    DE102009053169A1|2011-04-21|
    EP2484178B1|2014-06-18|
    WO2011036071A1|2011-03-31|
    EP2484178A1|2012-08-08|
    BR112012007572A2|2016-08-16|
    US20120183010A1|2012-07-19|
    PL2484178T3|2014-11-28|
    RU2012114110A|2013-11-10|
    ES2480279T3|2014-07-25|
    CN102612856A|2012-07-25|
    MX2012003762A|2012-06-12|
    CN102612856B|2014-10-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE2615202A1|1976-04-08|1977-10-13|Kloeckner Werke Ag|Control of electric furnace electrode energy supply - uses IR radiation detectors and reduces risk of electrodes fouling furnace walls|
    SU1700780A1|1989-03-30|1991-12-23|Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский проектно-конструкторский и технологический институт электротермического оборудования|Method of condition control in electric arc steel melting furnace|
    US6614831B2|2000-02-10|2003-09-02|Process Technology International, Inc.|Mounting arrangement for auxiliary burner or lance|
    DE102005026893A1|2005-06-10|2006-12-28|Siemens Ag|Method for controlling the melting process in an electric arc furnace|
    DE102005034409B3|2005-07-22|2006-05-24|Siemens Ag|Electric arc furnace state variable determining method, involves determining state variable with aid of transfer function that is determined by evaluation of measured vibrations and evaluation of measured data of one electrical sensor|
    DE102005034378A1|2005-07-22|2007-01-25|Siemens Ag|Method for determining the nature of the contents of an electric arc furnace|
    MX2008000982A|2005-07-22|2008-03-27|Siemens Ag|Method for determining at least one state variable of an electric arc furnace, and electric arc furnace.|
    JP4974351B2|2006-10-31|2012-07-11|日新製鋼株式会社|Melting equipment|
    DE102008006965A1|2008-01-31|2009-08-06|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method for determining a radiation measure for a thermal radiation, electric arc furnace, a signal processing device and program code and a storage medium for carrying out the method|
    DE102008006966A1|2008-01-31|2009-08-06|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method for determining a measure of the dimensions of solid in an electric arc furnace, an electric arc furnace, a signal processing device and program code and a storage medium|
    DE102008006958A1|2008-01-31|2009-08-06|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method for operating an electric arc furnace with at least one electrode, regulating and / or control device, machine-readable program code, data carrier and electric arc furnace for carrying out the method|
    DE102009053169A1|2009-09-28|2011-04-21|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method for controlling a melting process in an electric arc furnace and signal processing device, program code and storage medium for carrying out this method|DE102009053169A1|2009-09-28|2011-04-21|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method for controlling a melting process in an electric arc furnace and signal processing device, program code and storage medium for carrying out this method|
    EP2489970A1|2011-02-21|2012-08-22|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method for operating an electric arc oven for a continuous DRI supply, electric arc oven for a continuous DRI supply and control and/or regulating device for such an electric arc oven|
    EP2650386A1|2012-04-11|2013-10-16|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method for operating an arc oven and melting assembly with an arc oven operated according to this method|
    DE102012211714A1|2012-07-05|2014-05-22|Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh|Method and device for detecting the slag level in a metallurgical vessel|
    DE102012109847A1|2012-10-16|2014-04-17|Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh|Device and method for process-controlled capacity control of an electric arc furnace|
    DE102012109848B4|2012-10-16|2016-06-30|Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh|Apparatus and method for reducing network perturbations during operation of an electric arc furnace|
    DE102012109844B4|2012-10-16|2016-05-25|Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh|Apparatus and method for controlling an electric arc furnace in the initial phase of a melting process|
    DE102012022911B4|2012-11-23|2019-02-28|Abp Induction Systems Gmbh|Device for removing slag|
    EP2824408A1|2013-07-12|2015-01-14|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method for controlling or regulating an electric arc furnace|
    DE102013222158A1|2013-10-31|2015-05-13|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method of operating an electric arc furnace and electric arc furnace|
    DE102013222159A1|2013-10-31|2015-04-30|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method of operating an electric arc furnace and electric arc furnace|
    DE102014206008A1|2014-03-31|2015-10-01|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Apparatus and method for dynamically adjusting an electric arc furnace|
    CN103900375B|2014-04-18|2016-01-20|大连理工大学|The pre-blowout prevention furnace system of electric arc furnace smelting electric-melting magnesium and method|
    CN107614996B|2015-06-05|2019-06-14|哈奇有限公司|Flickering control to electric arc furnaces|
    CN110871268B|2018-09-04|2021-10-19|上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司|Equipotential control device and method for plasma heating of continuous casting tundish|
    AT522315B1|2019-03-28|2020-10-15|Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH|Process for the production of hydrogen and carbon from a hydrocarbon-containing gas|
    法律状态:
    2017-11-28| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: PRIMETALS TECHNOLOGIES GERMANY GMBH (DE) |
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-09-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-09-29| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-01-12| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 12/01/2021, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102009048660.7|2009-09-28|
    DE102009048660|2009-09-28|
    DE102009053169A|DE102009053169A1|2009-09-28|2009-11-02|Method for controlling a melting process in an electric arc furnace and signal processing device, program code and storage medium for carrying out this method|
    DE102009053169.6|2009-11-02|
    PCT/EP2010/063459|WO2011036071A1|2009-09-28|2010-09-14|Method for controlling a melt process in an arc furnace and signal processing component, program code, and data medium for performing said method|
    [返回顶部]